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电力变压器主要部件

2014/1/20 8:26:28      点击:
电力变压器 普通变压器的原、副边线圈是同心地套在一个铁芯柱上,内为低压绕组,外为高压绕组。(电焊机变压器原、副边线圈分别装在两个铁芯柱上)。
变压器在带负载运行时,当副边电流增大时,变压器要维持铁芯中的主磁通不变,原边电流也必须相应增大来达到平衡副边电流。
变压器二次有功功率一般=变压器额定容量(KVA)×0.8(变压器功率因数)=KW。
电力变压器主要有:
A、吸潮器(硅胶筒):内装有硅胶,储油柜(油枕)内的绝缘油通过吸潮器与大气连通,干燥剂吸收空气中的水分和杂质,以保持变压器内部绕组的良好绝缘性能;硅胶变色、变质易造成堵塞。
B、油位计:反映变压器的油位状态,一般在+20O左右,过高需放油,过低则加油;冬天温度低、负载轻时油位变化不大,或油位略有下降;夏天,负载重时油温上升,油位也略有上升;二者均属正常。
C、油枕:调节油箱油量,防止变压器油过速氧化,上部有加油孔。
D、防爆管:防止突然事故对油箱内压力聚增造成爆炸危险。
E、信号温度计:监视变压器运行温度,发出信号。指示的是变压器上层油温,变压器线圈温度要比上层油温高10℃。国标规定:变压器绕组的极限工作温度为105℃;(即环境温度为40℃时),上层温度不得超过95℃,通常以监视温度(上层油温)设定在85℃及以下为宜。
F、分接开关:通过改变高压绕组抽头,增加或减少绕组匝数来改变电压比。
∵:U1/U2=W1/W2,U1W2=U2W1,
∴:U2=U1W2/W1。
一般变压器均为无载调压,需停电进行:常分Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三挡+5%、0%、-5%(一次为10.5KV、10KV、0.95KV二次为380V、400V、420V),出厂时一般置于Ⅱ挡。
G、瓦斯信号继电器:(气体继电器)轻瓦斯、重瓦斯信号保护。上接点为轻瓦斯信号,一般作用于信号报警,以表示变压器运行异常;下接点为重瓦斯信号,动作后发出信号的同时使断路器跳闸、掉牌、报警;一般瓦斯继电器内充满油说明无气体,油箱内有气体时会进入瓦斯继电器内,达到一定程度时,气体挤走贮油使触点动作;打开瓦斯继电器外盖,顶上有二调节杆,拧开其中一帽可放掉继电器内的气体;另一调节杆是保护动作试验纽;带电操作时必须戴绝缘手套并强调安全。